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The Constitution of Mexico, formally the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States ((スペイン語:Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos)) is the current constitution of Mexico. It was drafted in Santiago de Querétaro, in the State of Querétaro, by a constitutional convention, during the Mexican Revolution. It was approved by the Constitutional Congress on February 5, 1917. It is the successor to the Constitution of 1857, and earlier Mexican constitutions. The current Constitution of 1917 is the first such document in the world to set out social rights, serving as a model for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Russian Constitution of 1918. Some of the most important provisions are Articles 3, 27, and 123; these display profound changes in Mexican political philosophy that helped frame the political and social backdrop for Mexico in the twentieth century. Aimed at restricting the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico Article 3 and established the bases for a free, mandatory, and secular education; article 27 led the foundation for land reforms;〔〔 and article 123 was designed to empower the labor sector, which had emerged in the late nineteenth century and which supported the winning faction of the Mexican Revolution.〔〔 Articles 3, 5, 24, 27, and 130 seriously restricted the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico,〔Soberanes Fernández, José Luis, (Mexico and the 1981 United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief ), pp. 437–438 nn. 7–8, BYU Law Review, June 2002〕 and attempts to enforce the articles strictly by President Plutarco Calles (1924–28) in 1926 led to the violent conflict known as the Cristero War.〔 In 1992, under the administration of Carlos Salinas de Gortari, there were significant revisions of the constitution, modifying Article 27 to better guarantee private property rights and ended redistribution of land, and the articles restricting the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico were largely repealed.〔Victor Gabriel Muro, "Catholic Church: Mexico" in ''Encyclopedia of Mexico'' vol. 1, p. 222. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.〕 Constitution Day (''Día de la Constitución'') is one of Mexico's annual Fiestas Patrias (public holidays), commemorating the promulgation of the Constitution on February 5, 1917. Although the official anniversary is on February 5, the holiday takes place on the first Monday of February regardless of the date. ==Essential principles== The constitution was founded on seven fundamental ideals: * A declaration of rights * Sovereignty of the nation * Separation of powers * Representative government * A federal system * Constitutional remedy * Supremacy of the State over the Church〔Avalos, Francisco, (The Mexican Legal System ), p. 5, W. S. Hein Publishing 2000〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Constitution of Mexico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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